Castilla y León

Regions › Castilla y León

Population

Births and ageing

In 2024 the population of Castilla y León changed by 4.0 per 1,000 inhabitants: -6.7 from births minus deaths and 10.7 from migration (from abroad and from other communities) and adjustments. 11.8% of its inhabitants were born abroad. Source: INE (Vital Statistics, Basic Demographic Indicators and Continuous Population Statistics).

Provinces

Municipalities

The colour scale saturates at the most populous 10% of municipalities so that smaller ones can be told apart. Click a municipality to open its page.

Farm soil

51 % of the land is farmland (48,268 km²; in Spain, 48 %). On that land the most common texture is loam and the most widespread soil type is cambisols. More detail and the comparison with Europe in farm soils.

Each dot is a 5 × 5 km square with farmland, coloured by its texture. For pH, organic matter, soil type or crop, see the farm soils map.

Click a municipality to see its soil on its page. In grey, municipalities outside this area or with no farmland on the CORINE map (woodland, urban land or fields smaller than 25 ha).

Topsoil (0-30 cm) from the SoilGrids model (ISRIC) over the farmland of the CORINE Land Cover 2018 map. It is a model: it is good for comparing areas, but it is no substitute for a soil test of the field.

Community revenue and spending

Executed accounts (budget outturn) of the consolidated regional administration. Non-financial spending (chapters 1 to 7) is used, which leaves out asset purchases and debt repayment, to compare what each community really spends on services. All amounts are per person and adjusted for inflation, in 2025 euros: that way the trend does not rise just because there are more people or prices go up.

What does it spend on?

Trend

Debt and deficit

Debt per person uses each year's Municipal Register population (the latest available for years without Register data) and is adjusted for inflation: 2025 euros (the sparkline series starts in 1996, the first year with a price deflator).

The annual balance is the sum of the twelve months published by the Banco de España (complete years only); the percentage is calculated using the regional GDP implied by its debt series.

Crime

96,625 recorded offences in 2025 (Ministry of the Interior; includes regional police forces). 2020 is the lockdown year. Breakdown by type of offence and municipality in Crime.

Public employment

Staff based in Castilla y León across the three tiers of government: central government (Guardia Civil, National Police, armed forces, Tax Agency...), the community (healthcare, education, universities...) and local authorities. Town councils in the community spent €448 per person on staff in 2024 (Spain average: €479; 2025 euros). Average gross salary in 2022: €32,794 a year in the public sector and €21,672 in the private sector (INE). The jump in 2023 is partly due to a revision of the register. More in Public employment.

Unemployment and prices

Income and poverty

Average net income per person in municipalities with more than 20,000 inhabitants (Household Income Distribution Atlas, 2023, 2025 euros).

INE Living Conditions Survey: income refers to the year before the survey. More in Income, poverty and inequality.

Housing

Prices and rents in 2025 euros. More detail in Housing.

Pensions

Social Security contributory pensions. Gross amounts for each of the 14 annual payments, adjusted for inflation. More in Pensions.

Education

Labour Force Survey harmonised by Eurostat (NUTS 2 regions). Regional figures come from small samples and fluctuate from year to year, especially in Ceuta and Melilla. Details and EU comparison in Education.

Tourism

8,857,061 hotel nights in 2025, 23.7% of them by travellers resident abroad (INE Hotel Occupancy Survey and Tourist Apartment Occupancy Survey; tourist dwellings are not included). More detail in Tourism.

Businesses

Active businesses on 1 January according to the Central Business Register, including the self-employed, counted in the community where they are headquartered. In 2023 the INE began counting only economically active businesses, which explains that year's drop. More data in Businesses, entrepreneurship and R&D.

Healthcare

Castilla y León has 4.4 doctors and 3.4 hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants (Spain: 4.6 and 2.8; Eurostat, 2024). See Spain's health system.

National Health System waiting lists (SISLE-SNS): each community reports its data using its own counting criteria, so comparisons between communities are only indicative. Public health spending: spending by the community's health service (Public Health Expenditure Statistics), adjusted for inflation.

Elections

Regional elections

Results from each region's official source (the Ministry of the Interior does not publish regional elections), by municipality or adding up its census sections. They exclude the vote of residents abroad, so the regional percentages may differ from the official ones by about one point. Elections with data for only some municipalities appear on the map but not in the totals. Click a municipality to open its page.

Official sources

• Social Security – Contributory pensions in force by autonomous community and province
• INE: Labour Force Survey (EPA), CPI, Living Conditions Survey, Household Income Distribution Atlas, Vital Statistics, Hotel Occupancy Survey; SEPE: registered unemployment; Ministry of Housing: appraised value and SERPAVI; Eurostat: education indicators by region (NUTS 2).
• INE – Official population figures for municipalities (Municipal Register)
• Ministry of Finance – Budget outturns of the autonomous communities: consolidated data; spending by policy excludes local authorities' share of tax revenue and CAP funds, which only pass through the regional accounts.
• Banco de España – Statistical Bulletin, chapter 13: debt under the Excessive Deficit Procedure and net lending/borrowing of the autonomous communities.
• Central Personnel Register – Statistical Bulletin of Public Administration Staff: public employees by administration and province of the post; INE – Wage Structure Survey 2022: public and private sector salaries.
• Instituto Geográfico Nacional (via es-atlas): municipal boundaries (CC BY 4.0).

Data updated 13 minutes ago