Elections
🗳️ Elections
How many people vote, for whom, and how the seats are shared out: every general election since 1977, plus European and municipal elections, with official results from the Ministry of the Interior by region, province and municipality.
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Vote shares are calculated over valid votes (for lists plus blank votes), as in the official results. Turnout includes votes cast by Spaniards living abroad (CERA).
Turnout
Turnout in general elections has ranged from 66.2 % (nov. 2019) to 80.0 % (1982). Turnout is usually lower in European and municipal elections.
Votes by bloc
Each list is assigned to a political family and each family to one of five blocs. In the most recent election of this type (2023), the nationwide left won 44.0 % of valid votes, the nationwide right 45.6 %, centre parties 0.0 % and nationalist and regionalist parties 7.9 %.
Left (Izquierda): PSOE and the IU, Podemos and Sumar family (with PCE, ICV, the regional confluences and Más País). Right (Derecha): AP-PP, Vox and UPN. Centre (Centro): UCD, CDS, Ciudadanos and UPyD. Nationalists and regionalists (Nacionalistas y regionalistas): parties operating within a single region (CiU-Junts, ERC, PNV, EH Bildu, BNG, Coalición Canaria, Compromís, PAR, PRC, Teruel Existe...). Others (Otros): all remaining lists, mostly small ones and, in municipal elections, groups of electors and independents. This is SpainFacts' own classification: the details of which party labels go into each family are in the website's code (seed elecciones_partidos_reglas).
Votes by party
Vote share of each political family (those that have at some point exceeded 3 % across Spain). Parties are grouped with their federations and predecessors: PSOE includes PSC; PP includes AP and its coalitions; IU, Podemos and Sumar include PCE and all their regional confluences.
Fragmentation
The effective number of parties sums up in a single figure how many parties “count”: it equals 2 if two parties split the vote equally and rises the more widely the vote is spread. In general elections it has ranged from 2.8 (2008) to 6.1 (abr. 2019).
Effective number of parties = 1 / sum of the squares of each list's share of votes (or seats). It is calculated with lists grouped as in the national count (PSC within PSOE, Sumar's provincial lists within Sumar...). A lower figure for seats than for votes indicates that the allocation favours large parties.
Votes per seat
The 350 seats are allocated province by province using the D'Hondt method, so the number of votes each seat costs varies widely from one party to another. In the last general election (23/7/2023), each seat won by UPN cost 52,188 votes and each one won by BNG, 153,995. Lists that won no seats received 2.5 % of valid votes.
Gallagher index = square root of half the sum of the squared differences between each list's % of votes and % of seats. 0 would mean a perfectly proportional allocation.
Winner in each province
The political family of the most-voted list in each province (the constituency in general elections).
Results by municipality
Results of the last general election in all 8,131 municipalities. PP was the most-voted list in 4,471 of them. Search for yours and click to open its profile, with results going back to 1977.
Results by municipality do not include the votes of residents abroad (CERA), which are counted separately in each province. In some small municipalities in 1977 and 1979, the number of recorded voters exceeds the electoral roll because of errors in the source: turnout is not shown in those cases.
Sources and notes
- Ministry of the Interior – Election results download area: official files for each election (fixed-width text format described in the FICHEROS document included with each download). General elections (Congress of Deputies) since 1977, European elections since 1987 and municipal elections since 1979, with data by municipality, province and region.
- Municipal elections only include municipalities with more than 250 inhabitants (closed lists); those with open council (concejo abierto) or open lists are published in other files.
- Party labels are grouped into political families using the same criteria and colours as the mayors page; the assignment of each list to a family and a bloc is SpainFacts' own and may be debatable for coalitions (for example, UPN-PP counts as UPN and, in European elections, Ahora Repúblicas counts as ERC in the national total).
- Vote shares are over valid votes (lists plus blank votes). Turnout = voters / electoral roll at the count.
Data updated 7 minutes ago