Population trends
📈 Population trends
How the number of people living in Spain has changed since 1971, and how much of the growth is due to births and deaths and how much to migration.
Trend · million
Trend · per 1,000 inhab.
Trend · per 1,000 inhab.
Trend · per 1,000 inhab.
Population growth: Spain 1 EU 0.2OECD 0.4France 0.2Portugal 1Germany -0Italy -0.1Morocco 0.9US 0.5China -0.2 Japan -0.5 % per year · 2025 · World Bank (WDI) All countries →
Population since 1971
INE Continuous Population Statistics, which reconstructs the series back to 1971 using consistent criteria. Between 1971 and 2025 the population rose from 34.0 to 49.1 million.
Births, deaths and migration
"Migración y ajustes" (migration and adjustments) = total growth minus natural change. Since 2021 it can be compared with the net migration with other countries measured directly by the Migration Statistics: in 2024, 12.8 versus 12.8 per 1,000 inhabitants. Since 1975 the population has fallen in only 4 years (2012, 2013, 2014, 2015), and in all of them the migration component was negative.
By autonomous community
In 2024 the regions that grew most relative to their population were Comunidad Valenciana (19.7 per 1,000 inhab.) and Comunidad de Madrid (14.8); the one that grew least was Extremadura (-1.3).
For a region, "migration and adjustments" also includes changes of residence to and from other regions, which is why it does not match net migration with other countries. Population as at 1 January 2025.
By province
20 provinces have fewer inhabitants today than ten years ago, and 13 fewer than in 2000.
Sources and notes
- INE – Continuous Population Statistics (table 56945): population on 1 January by province since 1971. This is the official consistent series; it may differ slightly from the municipal register figures used in the regional profiles.
- INE – Vital Statistics (tables 6524 and 6561): births and deaths by province of residence.
- INE – Migration and Change of Residence Statistics (tables 69758 and 69762): net migration with other countries since 2021.
- Growth per 1,000 inhab. = (population on 1 January of the following year − population on 1 January) / average population for the year × 1,000.
Data updated 7 minutes ago